ABSTRACT
Road traffic accidents (RTA) can cause a large number of casualties and property losses. Driving fatigue is one of the important factors leading to RTA. Electrophysiological signals, as a kind of information feedback for the nervous system to regulate body functions, can reflect drivers’ fatigue state. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews on the current research on electrophysiological signals as information input of machine learning methods for driving fatigue recognition. By investigating fatigue-related literature, the current paper summarized the neural regulation mechanism of fatigue, clarified that driving fatigue is caused by both psychological and physiological loads, recognized inducing factors related to driving fatigue, and summed up electrophysiological signals now in use of driving fatigue recognition, as well as their physiological mechanisms and related indicators. Machine learning algorithms are widely used in identifying driving fatigue. Based on existing studies that used electrophysiological signals as information input source and applied various machine learning algorithms to build driving fatigue identification models, this paper compared the effectiveness of various machine learning algorithms, and described the advantages and disadvantages of supervised machine learning. It is pointed out that suitable classification algorithms should be selected according to sample conditions and model eigenvalues when applied to driving fatigue recognition. In addition, a variety of electrophysiological signals as information sources can help improve the accuracy of a fatigue recognition model, but the increase of model input eigenvalues cannot. Finally, the research progress of identification methods based on electrophysiological signals provided new opportunities for identifying driving fatigue.
ABSTRACT
Seed quality plays an important role in the agricultural and animal husbandry production, the effective utilization of genetic resources, the conservation of biodiversity and the restoration and reconstruction of plant communities. Seed aging is a common physiological phenomenon during storage. It is a natural irreversible process that occurs and develops along with the extension of seed storage time. It is not only related to the growth, yield and quality of seed and seedling establishment, but also has an important effect on the conservation, utilization and development of plant germplasm resources. The physiological mechanisms of seed aging are complex and diverse. Most studies focus on conventional physiological characterization, while systematic and comprehensive in-depth studies are lacking. Here we review the recent advances in understanding the physiology of seed aging process, including the methods of seed aging, the effect of aging on seed germination, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of seed aging. The change of multiple physiological parameters, including seed vigor, electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content and storage material in the seed, antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial structure, were summarized. Moreover, insights into the mechanism of seed aging from the aspects of transcriptome, proteome and aging related gene function were summarized. This study may facilitate the research of seed biology and the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources.
Subject(s)
Germination , Plants , Proteome , Seedlings , Seeds/geneticsABSTRACT
Exploration and utilization of polar resources are important for China's "Strategy Xinjiangyu". Extreme conditions such as coldness, low pressure, low oxygen and strong ultraviolet radiation in polar environment can lead to a series of adaptive and pathological changes of the cardiovascular system, autonomic nervous system and circadian rhythm. In polar environment, the risk of cardiovascular diseases is increased, and the injury of vascular endothelial cells and the change of cardiovascular structure and function are the important mechanisms. The supplement of dietary nitrate and the use of antisympathetic drugs may be the potential preventive measures. Cold stimulation, low oxygen and ultraviolet radiation can affect the balance of autonomic nervous system, which may be the key factor of body function changes in polar workers. In addition to the extreme climate and geographical conditions, polar workers also face polar day and night which changes the circadian rhythm. Researches have shown that melatonin secretion is highly related to the circadian rhythm, suggesting that maintaining the normal secretion of melatonin may be an effective way to regulate circadian rhythm. In addition, various extreme conditions in the polar environment can also lead to respiratory, digestive and endocrine system diseases. It is necessary to clarify the adaptability, pathological changes and mechanisms of human body in polar environment, providing references for polar workers to adapt to the polar environment and polar medical research.
ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is one primary cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admittance, which is usually treated with intubation and mechanical ventilation in order to maintain a necessary ventilation and oxygenation function. After the remove of trachea tube, available oxygenation supports include nasal cannula, venturi mask, non-invasive ventilator and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). In this articlewe reviewed the physiological mechanism related to HFNC therapy and trails about the application of HFNC in extubated patients. HFNC can provide well heated and humidified high flow gas with a high concentration of oxygen, which can improve the oxygenation and degree of comfort of patients after extubation. Furthermore, HFNC can improve the prognosis of these patients. However, HFNC has little influence on non-ventilation related factor and severe dysfunction of ventilation, so its indication and risk factor of treatment failure should be further evaluated with randomize controlled trials.
ABSTRACT
This article was aimed to study the physiological mechanisms in frozen storage to reduce early bolting of Angelica sinensis. By analyzing the root soluble sugar, soluble protein, MDA content changes before and after -10oC processing of the Angelica sinensis seedlings of different size from different sources , the physiological mechanisms in frozen storage reducing early bolting of A . sinensis had been studied. The results indicated that the greater seedlings , the higher content of soluble sugar , lower protein content and higher MDA . There were no obvious differences on the soluble sugar , soluble protein and MDA content of the same size seedlings from different sources . After -10oC freezing , the content of soluble sugar and protein in the seedlings with the same size were decreased. Meanwhile, the content of MDA was increased. It was concluded that the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and MDA were obviously related to the size of Angelica sinensis seedlings from the same source before and after low temperature process .
ABSTRACT
Two different DNA-based techniques viz, simple sequence repeat (SSR) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to estimate genetic diversity among 20 rice genotypes possessing different physiological mechanisms contributing to salt tolerance. A total of 11 clear and repeatable bands were amplified from ten selected SSR primers pairs and 43 fragments were detected from nine ISSR primers. The level of polymorphism was 1.1% with SSR compared to 90.7% with ISSRs. Mean genetic similarity of 0.88 based on SSRs and 0.85 using ISSRs was observed. A total of 43 (39 polymorphic) and 11 bands were detected using 9 ISSR primers and 10 well distributed mapped SSR markers, respectively. Estimates of genetic similarity of ISSRs based on the 39 polymorphic markers between 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.55 for PR108/CSR19 to 0.94 for Pokkali/CSR20 with an average of 0.81. The estimates revealed by the 11 polymorphic SSR bands showed the average value (0.94) and also the range of genetic similarity (from 0.86 to 1.00 for CSR22/CSR18 and CSR24/CSR20, respectively) reflecting their hyper variability and their high resolution power. The findings are likely to expedite breeding new salt tolerant cultivars by involving parents from diverse molecular clusters.